Developing software module for BP and BMEP parameters in IC Engine using VB.Net

This document reviews the history of free-piston internal combustion engines, from the air compressors and gas generators used in the mid-20th century through to recent free-piston hydraulic engines and linear electric generators. Unique features of the free-piston engine are presented and their effects on engine operation are discussed, along with potential advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional engines. The paper focuses mainly on developed engines where operational data has been reported. Finally, the potential of the free-piston engine is evaluated and the most promising designs identified. For different requirements different types of piston are made, but all that work has to do manually which is usually time consuming, complex in calculation, more chance of error occurs. For getting rid of this problem a software or execution of a program in a computer language such as in C, VB.Ne

Ride and roll performance analysis of a vehicle with spring loaded interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension

Introducing mechanical springs in parallel with hydro-pneumatic struts can help to design realistic interconnected hydro-pneumatic system for vehicle suspensions. In this dissertation, spring loaded hydro-pneumatic suspension, interconnected in roll plane, is analytically investigated for its ride and handling performance. A highway bus equipped with passive type spring loaded interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension unit is modeled in roll plane as a four-degree-of-freedom dynamical system subject to excitations arising from road irregularities and roll moment caused by directional maneuvers. The static and dynamic properties of the interconnected suspension are derived and discussed in terms of its suspension rate, roll stiffness, and damping forces. The model is analyzed to examine the effects of percentage load assigned to the springs and hydro-pneumatic struts in view of component size and effective interconnection. The ride and handling performance of selected interconnected suspension are investigated and compared to those of the unconnected and conventional systems for deterministic excitations. The vibration isolation performance characteristics of the interconnected suspension employing a concept of variable sequential damping are further investigated for deterministic excitations

Potential of few fungicides and plant extracts for managing charcoal rot of soybean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Gold. in Madhya Pradesh, India

Charcoal rot disease of soybean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a serious problem in most of the soybean growing area of Madhya Pradesh. In this study, seven plant extracts viz., leaves of Azadirachta indica, Citrus limon, Polyalthia longifolia, Parthenium hysterophorus and Ricinus communis, bulb of Allium sativum and Allium cepa and eight fungicides  viz., Captan (0.25%), Mancozeb (0.25%), Carbendazim + Mancozeb (25%), Thiophanate Methyl (0.1%), Pyraclostrobin (0.2%), Carbendazim (0.1%) and Blue copper (0.3% )  were evaluated for an effective management of charcoal rot of soybean caused by M. phaseolina (Tassi) Goid under in vitro and in vivo condition. Among plant extracts, garlic clove extract was found most effective showing 77.3 %  growth inhibition and poor microslerotia formation of M. phaseolina by 77.3 % followed by parthenium leaf extract (75.2% inhibition) at 15 % concentration. Two soil drenching of garlic clove extracts @ 15.0 % concentration also found most effective for the management of disease under field condition recorded minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and highest yield (14.6q/ha). Among fungicides, Carbendazim (0.1%) and Thiophanate Methyl (0.1%) showed 100 % inhibition of radial growth and microsclerotia production of M phaseolina under in vitro condition. Two soil drenching of Carbendazim @ 0.1%  found to be most effective for the management of charcoal rot of soybean under field condition showing minimum disease incidence (5.36%) and producing highest yield (16.0 q/ha) followed by Thiophanate Methyl. These results suggested that the toxic effect of Carbendazim  and Thiophanate Methyl  and  A. sativum inhibited maximum mycelium growth in vitro and provide management of charcoal rot disease under field conditions

Efficacy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of lentil under in vitro conditions

Three biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions. All the three antagonists’ viz., T. viride, T. virens and T. harzianum have shown the potential of parasitizing the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The rate of inhibition was fastest in T. harzianum (63.60%) followed by T virens (51.5 %). Least inhibition was recorded in T. viride (50.85% ) after 72 hours of incubation. However, T. viride showed the highest (91.31%) reduction in sclerotia formation followed by T. harzianum (84.92%) and T. virens (84.29%) after 15 days of incubation. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride were found most effective in suppressing the mycelial growth (51.11%) and sclerotia production (95.90%) of the target pathogen. The culture filtrate from both T. harzianum and T. viride (15% concentration) was found very effective in inhibiting the radial growth (57.46 and 49.62%) and sclerotia formation (98.20 and 99.83%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists such as T. harzianum and T. viride can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii under field condition

Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen

Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum

Anthropometric study of hand parameters for redesigning surgical instruments to combat ergonomic challenges in an operation theatre

Introduction: Anthropometric hand dimensions are used in the design of hand instruments for improving the efficiency and human comfort of surgical equipment and instruments. Instruments built for large male hands make it more difficult for petite female hands to operate them, which reduces their productivity and increases the risk of musculoskeletal diseases. So, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the differences in anthropometric and biomechanical parameters between the dominant hands of adult Indian males and females. Methods: The study was conducted on 335 Indian health care professionals of which 168 were males and 167 were females. Various anthropometric and biomechanical parameters were measured on the dominant hand of all the individuals included in the study. Length, breadth and span of a hand, as well as wrist circumference, were measured by measuring tape while handgrip strength and pinch strength was recorded by Jamar dynamometer & Jamar pinch gauge respectively. Obtained data were analyzed by applying the t-test SPSS version 27. We considered P-value <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: A higher statistically significant difference (<0.05) was found in hand anthropometric and biomechanical parameters amongst dominant hands of Indian male and female health care professionals. Conclusion: The present study was gender-based. All the anthropometric and biomechanical parameters were found to be of dimensions in males as compared to females. This study provides baseline anthropometric & biomechanical values of the Indian hand that will help manufacturers to redesign instruments to improve efficiency and prevent the risk of musculoskeletal disorders amongst health care professionals

To study the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among medical students

Background: Risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection increases in medical students with their higher exposure to TB care facilities. Objective: To study the prevalence of latent TB infection among students attending professional degrees MBBS, BDS, MD, MS, MDS at King George’s Medical University, India. Methods: This study was carried out with Tuberculin skin testing among students and active TB cases were excluded. A standard dose of 0.1?mL of purified protein derivative was slowly injected intra dermally into non-dominant forearm. After 48-72 hours, the reaction was estimated by measuring the transverse diameter of the induration. Results: Total 561 students had given consent to get enrolled. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection was significant with period of clinical exposure (p-value < 0.05), average size of induration (p-value < 0.001), and history of prior Tuberculin Skin Test (p-value < 0.001). However it was not significant with the age (p-value > 0.05), gender (p-value > 0.05), and history of contact with active cases of TB (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection is higher in post graduate students followed by interns and final year students due to more exposure to patients in wards and clinics at King George’s Medical University, India

Current Opinion on Food Sustainability for Liver Associated Health Problems: Facts and Myths with Case Study

The liver is the second-largest organ in our body which separates the nutrients and waste as they move through our biological process system and it additionally produces bile, a substance that carries toxins out of your body and aids in digestion. There are several myths associated with liver spread amongst masses. It is a vital necessity to make society devoid of such myths and aware of the real scenario. This review aimed to summarize the different facts and myths associated with health problems of liver and highlight the importance of food sustainability approach with the help of some case studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases between 2006 and 2022 that focused on the various facts and myths associated with liver related health issues. Myths create nothing but false notions and fear amongst people. Some case studies were summarized to clear all the conflict statements commonly related with liver diseases in the society. Myths like nothing other than water is considered a good beverage for the liver, but recent studies have proven that measured quantities of coffee and herbal tea intake is healthy for the body. Additionally, coffee has a protective effect on the organ liver. Similarly, hepatitis can spread through casual contacts. Although it is proven that hepatitis B, C and autoimmune hepatitis, do not spread on having casual contact or sharing food and drink. A substantial myth states that blood tests can detect problems associated with the liver, but doctors rarely suggest blood tests for liver functioning. This review is focused to resolve several myths associated with the liver which are often considered true by masses

OTX015 PROTACs: Emerging Novel Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Treatment

Cancer is a wide-spreading disease. Its count goes on increasing and became the second leading cause of death in respect of diseases. New cancer-targeting molecules are explored. In this study, we tried to collect information about one such molecule, OTX015. Articles were searched across reputed search engines and publishers such as Cochrane, EMBASE, The Lancet, PubMed, GoogleScholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, Springer and Bentham Science by using different keywords: “OTX015”, “Cancer”, “Small molecule PROTACs”, “BRD/BET” and “BET inhibitors”. The quality papers were retrieved, studied, categorized into different sections, analyzed, and used for article writing.OTX015 is a novel molecule in clinical trials. It showed some promising results in various cancers as well as other diseases like latent-HIV with the least side-effects.This article will give an insight into Small Molecules as PROTACs, their advantages and disadvantages, OTX015 and its PROTAC ARV- 825. It is advised that more research/studies are required to be carried out to know more about OTX015 and other PROTACs, their advancements, receptors, and mechanism/ mode of action to know their abilities to work against proteins involving diseases